MR16 halogen lamps normally operate from a low-voltage AC source typically generated by a low-frequency AC transformer or by a high-frequency electronic transformer. In most MR16 applications, the ...

The use of low-voltage lighting systems has become increasingly popular over the past several years. In fact, low-voltage halogen and xenon lighting systems can be found in almost any setting — from ...

These days, homeowners are clamoring for pendants that hang from the ceiling, moody undercabinet lighting, recessed lighting and outdoor path lights that illuminate the edge of the front walk. Of ...

The mains of the world were constructed as a giant copper causeway to transport electricity from the generating station to our homes and factories. Today's problems on the mains were unknown a few ...

In general terms, dimmers are devices that vary light level (intensity) of lamps by controlling the amount of power that is delivered to the lamp. Dimming can be controlled by either manual or ...

Transformers at critical nodes in electricity networks lead stressful lives. If they fail, the cost can be very high, so the reliability of these devices is paramount. However, load peaks – ...

Transformers have been the backbone of power grids for over a century, but today’s demands for renewable energy, electric vehicles, and smarter grids are exposing their limits. Enter solid-state ...

In the early days of electric railways, DC was the most common power supply. As it was at the time not feasible to step down DC voltages on-board the train, transmission between the substation and the ...