For more than half a century, particle physicists have theorized the existence of a “glueball,” a particle made entirely of gluons. While the past few decades have produced some compelling candidates, ...

The particles that are in an atom: protons, neutrons and electrons The particles that are in protons and neutrons: quarks The four fundamental forces: gravity, electromagnetism, the strong force and ...

Martin Bauer does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organization that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their ...

Back in the 1930s, physicists were doing experiments involving what they called "beta decay." They observed that an element would suddenly spit out a fast-moving electron, and once it was done, it ...