Courtesy of www.MikeHolt.com. Based on the 2020 NEC. Class 2 circuits are limited to voltage and current values that don’t (usually) present a shock or fire hazard. The power supply for a Class 2 ...

Any time you are working with burglar alarm, access control, sound, nurse call, or intercom systems, as well as computer networks, lighting dimmer controls, and low-voltage industrial controls, you ...

(Editor's Note: There are links to the previous parts of this series at the end, below the author's biography.) For all signal-chain devices to operate properly, each requires a stable-voltage power ...

The Machine Primary Control Elements (MPCE) 1 and 2 are typically a relay with force guided contacts. When a safety interlock, light curtain, or e-stop switch opens a circuit, the MPCE NO contacts ...

As electronics applications continue to become more compact, powerful, and versatile, the final system demands and complexities of mobile and stationary devices also are becoming increasingly ...

Faced with ever-increasing cost pressures and demands for improved performance, machine builders are actively seeking new automation solutions with improved cost/performance ratios. In response to ...

Switch-mode regulators include the buck (step-down) and the boost (step-up), forward and flyback topologies, as well as the SEPIC, hysteretic and multiphase converters. Two basic IC topologies are ...

The transformation of the power landscape involves more than just generation. The distribution of electricity is being changed as well, with technology designed to make electrical systems safer, more ...

Integrated circuits (IC) serve as the backbone of any information system and mobile devices. This course provides an in-depth review of the advanced technology in integrated circuit design targeting ...

Specifics of the charging and discharging steps of a cell charger/discharger. How to achieve regulation via feedback. A look at the 4-wire connection to the cell. Charging and discharging are the most ...