In the early digital era, logic gates were made exclusively of transistors and discrete components. The obvious occupation of a large space and increased heat dissipation pushed technology to ...

The optoelectronic logic element AND, OR and XOR is considered, the output signal of which can be inverted when the input control signal is applied, thereby converting the logic element into NAND, NOR ...

Fig 1. A typical CMOS input circuit comprises a “P” and “N” transistor. One is fully “on” for logic high, and the other is “on” for a logic low. Fig 2. When a CMOS input pin is at logic high or low ...

If your introduction to digital electronics came more years ago than you’d care to mention, the chances are you did so with 5V TTL logic. Above 2V but usually pretty close to 5V is a logic 1, below ...

Digital comparison is considered an important method used in digital systems while executing arithmetic or logical operations. It’s designed to compare the relative magnitudes of binary numbers. This ...

We’ve all heard of the dangers of static electricity when dealing with electronics, and we all take the proper precautions when working with static-sensitive components — don’t we? But as much as we ...