Calculus of variations establishes a framework to determine the extrema of functionals—mappings from functions to real numbers—which has been pivotal in elucidating natural principles such as the ...

Calculus to the level of ODEs, partial derivative and multiple integrals, some knowledge of PDEs helpful but not essential. Students should have a certain comfort level with dealing with advanced ...

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You've been under utilizing this accessory. A scarf can double as a tiny necktie when you want a subtle, polished detail. Fold a lightweight scarf into a narrow strip and tie it around your neck like ...

Abstract: I welcome you to the fourth issue of the IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials in 2021. This issue includes 23 papers covering different aspects of communication networks. In particular, ...

Abstract: This paper concerns fractional-order controllers. The definitions and properties of fractional calculus are introduced. The mathematical descriptions of the fractional-order system and the ...

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